Industry · Dialysis Centers
Against endotoxins, bacteria and chemical impurities: filtration engineering that keeps dialysis water quality within ISO 13959 and AAMI standards.
ISO 13959
Dialysis water standard
100 CFU/ml
Bacteria limit for dialysis water
0.25 EU/ml
Endotoxin limit for dialysis water
Critical points
During dialysis, the patient’s blood comes into contact with water through a semi-permeable membrane at an average rate of 500 ml per hour. Endotoxins, bacteria or chemical impurities in the water can pass directly into the bloodstream and pose a life-threatening risk. That is why dialysis water is subject to far stricter standards than drinking water, and the water preparation line is an integral part of treatment.
Dialysis water preparation is built on a system of staged barriers. Sediment filters remove coarse particles, and activated carbon filters remove chloramine and organic compounds. A softening unit protects membrane life, while reverse osmosis (RO) retains ions, heavy metals and most of the microbiological load. Each stage protects the next; a weakness in any link of the chain jeopardizes the reliability of the whole system.
Solution: Sediment and activated carbon pre-filtration
Even when RO output is microbiologically adequate, biofilm formation in the distribution line can lead to an endotoxin load. Ultrafilter membranes installed after the RO and at critical points physically retain bacteria and endotoxins with 0.01–0.1 micron precision. ISO 13959 requires dialysis water to stay below 100 CFU/ml for bacteria and 0.25 EU/ml for endotoxins; for applications that require ultrapure water, these limits drop to 0.1 CFU/ml and 0.03 EU/ml respectively.
Solution: Post-RO ultrafiltration barrier
The distribution line that carries treated water to the dialysis machines is a critical risk point for biofilm. A continuous loop design and UF filters installed along the line keep this risk under control. Periodic disinfection and sanitization protocols are other components of the process, while filtration acts as the final barrier where disinfection cannot reach.
Solution: Loop filtration and sanitization
Filter replacement intervals and performance verification are a legal requirement in dialysis centers. Activated carbon filters are monitored by chloramine capacity, and RO membranes by flow rate and rejection rate. Integrity tests are carried out periodically on UF filters. Documenting all these processes is mandatory for both accreditation audits and patient safety.
Solution: Periodic replacement and integrity testing
Water preparation line
Select a stage on your line to see the Prosestim filters and micron range used at that point.
01 · Coarse particles
Sediment filters capture coarse particles and protect the following stages.
02 · Chloramine
Activated carbon filters remove chloramine and organic compounds and are monitored by chloramine capacity.
03 · Membrane protection
The softening unit prevents scaling of the RO membrane.
This stage is your existing equipment. Let’s design the earlier stages together; our engineers will recommend the right filter.
Let’s define a solution for this stage of your line together with our engineers. Write to us
04 · Ions · heavy metals
RO retains ions, heavy metals and most of the microbiological load.
This stage is your existing equipment. Let’s design the earlier stages together; our engineers will recommend the right filter.
05 · 0,01–0,1 µm
Ultrafilters installed after the RO and at critical points physically retain bacteria and endotoxins.
This stage is your existing equipment. Let’s design the earlier stages together; our engineers will recommend the right filter.
06 · Biofilm
A continuous loop design and filters installed along the line keep the biofilm risk under control.
Applications
The same filtration principles apply across applications, with different material and micron choices.
Dialysis water preparation.
Central RO and distribution line.
Strict limits for online HDF.
Replacement intervals and integrity testing.
Products used in this industry
Each product page lists the micron range, material compatibility and operating conditions.
100% pure PP, binder-free melt-blown cartridge filter (sediment filter); 1–150 µm for RO pre-filtration and process water
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Chlorine, odor, taste and VOC removal with CTO and GAC activated carbon cartridge filters; suitable for food, pharmaceutical and chemical lines
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Pleated micro cartridge filter with PES, PTFE, PVDF and PP membranes; 0.11–50 µm for sterile and precision filtration
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String-wound cartridge filters in 8 media including PP, cotton and glass fiber, 0.8–150 µm, 5″–40″ lengths
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Stainless steel cartridge filter housing with AISI 304L/316L/316Ti body and 1–60 cartridge capacity
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Shell housing filters that fit into filter housings and can be filled with Siliphos, Microphos, activated carbon or resin
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